Almufti, Saman M, Renas Rajab Asaad, Awaz Ahmed Shaban, and Ridwan Boya Marqas. “Whale Optimization Algorithm: A Critical Survey of Fundamental Principles, Modern Adaptations, Benchmarking Practices, and Applications”. Metaheuristic Algorithms with Applications 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2026): 19–50. Accessed September 13, 2026. https://maa.reapress.com/journal/article/view/110.